Stem Cell Therapy - Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) at Centre of Advanced Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is being investigated as a promising treatment for various diseases due to its regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. MSCs are adult stem cells derived from adipose tissue (adipose-derived stem cells). They have the unique ability to differentiate into different cell types and release bioactive molecules that support tissue repair and regeneration. Instead of directly replacing damaged cells, MSCs primarily work by creating a supportive environment that promotes the body's natural healing processes. When administered, MSCs release growth factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These molecules help protect existing cells from further damage, stimulate the repair of injured tissues, and enhance the formation of new blood vessels. Additionally, MSCs secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines that help reduce inflammation, which is often a key contributor to disease progression. Another important aspect of MSC therapy is its ability to regulate the immune system. In autoimmune or inflammatory conditions, MSCs can suppress excessive immune responses, preventing further tissue damage. This immunomodulatory effect is particularly valuable in diseases where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. MSC therapy is being researched for a wide range of diseases, including neurological, cardiovascular, ophthalmological, autoimmune, and musculoskeletal disorders. Common conditions where MSC therapy is being explored include multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injury, stroke, ischemic heart disease, type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, Crohn's disease, osteoarthritis, liver cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, autism spectrum disorder, and optic nerve atrophy. Additional conditions that can potentially benefit from MSC therapy include infertility (such as premature ovarian insufficiency and low sperm count), diabetic foot, diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, liver insufficiency, Crohn's disease, age-related macular degeneration, optic nerve neuritis, osteonecrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and various orthopedic injuries including tendon and ligament damage. Furthermore, MSC therapy is applied in aesthetic medicine for skin rejuvenation, wound healing, and slowing down the aging process. Although early results are promising, MSC therapy remains largely experimental in many areas, with ongoing clinical studies evaluating its safety, efficacy, and long-term outcomes. Further research is needed to establish standardized protocols and confirm its effectiveness across various medical conditions.