Pancreatic cancer diagnosis

Detecting pancreatic cancer in the early stages is complicated. Signs occur when the tumor has metastasized. The doctor can feel the enlarged liver, gallbladder, and spleen during the examination. If pancreatic cancer is suspected, the diagnosis begins with ultrasound and tests. In cancer, a biochemical blood test shows an increased level of enzymes (amylase, lipase, etc. ), bilirubin, and bile acids. Endoscopic ultrasound (endosonography) is more informative. During this study, a special probe with a mini camera and an ultrasound sensor is inserted into the duodenum. Since the sensor is brought as close as possible to the pancreas, the doctor can get a detailed picture. Computed tomography and MRI help assess the tumor size, location, and the spread of cancer to other organs. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography helps assess the condition of the pancreatic and bile ducts. First, the doctor inserts a probe into the duodenum, finds a hole through which the bile duct flows, and injects a contrast agent. Then an X-ray is performed: the "colored" ducts appear in the pictures. A biopsy - examination of a sample of pancreatic tissue under a microscope - helps to confirm the diagnosis or exclude cancer. In addition, this procedure is necessary to determine the histological type of tumor and the selection of individual treatment.