Cerebrospinal fluid leak treatment with trans-venous embolization

Trans-venous embolization is a new minimally invasive catheter treatment method for CSF leaks. This approach is used when cerebrospinal fluid is connected with the vessels forming the fistula. Then, doctors use an imaging-guided catheter to seal the fistula inside the vein. Embolization is a medical procedure that uses X-ray radiation to guide a thin tube (catheter) into a vein and block abnormal blood vessels. That is done by injecting special fluids or using devices to stop blood flow. The physician uses an X-ray angiographic device and contrast material to see the blood vessel. They then insert a catheter through a small hole in the skin and into the blood vessel. Finally, they inject a synthetic material or drug, called an embolic agent, through the catheter and into the blood vessel. Embolic agents come in two types: temporary and permanent. Temporary agents block blood vessels for a short period to allow the body to heal itself. Permanent agents, on the other hand, permanently close the blood vessel. Ultimately, the surgeon removes the catheter and covers the skin with a bandage or seal without stitches. The procedure lasts 30 minutes to several hours, depending on the severity of the leak. A routine examination is conducted after 6-12 weeks to assess the patient's progress.