Breast cancer treatment with total breast removal surgery

The total breast removal surgery (radical mastectomy) involves the complete removal of the breast, the muscles located under it, and lymph nodes. In some cases, preserving the significant and minor pectoral muscles is possible. The surgeon may also decide to remove the second breast if there is a high risk of developing a malignant tumor. Before the operation, the patient is carefully examined: mammography, ultrasound, CT, or MRI of the mammary glands, pelvis, and abdominal cavity are performed. It is necessary to ensure no absolute contraindications to the operation. Radical mastectomy is performed under general anesthesia. It lasts 1. 5 – 2 hours. To access the tumor, the surgeon makes breast incisions in two places. First, the doctor removes the mammary gland as a whole block and cuts out the lymph nodes and, if necessary, the pectoral muscles or part of them. After that, drainage is installed in the axillary zone, and the incision is sutured. During the rehabilitation period, it is essential to preserve the motor function of the hand as much as possible. Possible complications can include loss of sensitivity of the breast skin, accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the wound, and arm swelling.