Hydrocephalus diagnosis

Hydrocephalus is when excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulates within the brain, increasing pressure inside the skull. It can arise from genetic factors, injuries, or infections. Timely diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications such as cognitive difficulties, motor issues, or vision problems. Careful history-taking and understanding of the patient's symptoms are essential in diagnosing hydrocephalus. A neurosurgeon can make a preliminary diagnosis based on specific signs and symptoms, such as a history of head trauma or infection and indications of increased intracranial pressure. The primary imaging method for hydrocephalus diagnosing is a brain ultrasound scan, with MRI scans providing additional clarity. These tests can identify the condition in its early stages, enabling doctors to detect alterations in the density and structure of brain tissue and the injury of infection signs. The scans may reveal enlarged ventricles or other indications of excessive CSF, leading to a diagnosis. Laboratory tests provide more information about the patient's condition. For example, an elevated white blood cell count or increased levels of inflammation markers may suggest an infection, one of the causes of hydrocephalus. A comprehensive diagnostic approach, including patient history, physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, ensures accurate diagnosis and treatment plans for patients with hydrocephalus.